Ohio residential codes  Chapter 9 Roof Assemblies

Section 901 General

901.1 Scope

The provisions of this chapter shall govern the design, materials, construction and quality of roof assemblies.

Section 902 Roof Classification

902.1 Roofing Covering Materials

Roofs shall be covered with materials as set forth in Sections 904 and 905. Class A, B or C roofing shall be installed in areas designated by law as requiring their use or when the edge of the roof is less than 3 feet (914 mm) from a property line. Classes A, B and C roofing required by this section to be listed shall be tested in accordance with UL 790 or ASTM E 108.

Exceptions:

1. Class A roof assemblies include those with coverings of brick, masonry and exposed concrete roof deck.

2. Class A roof assemblies also include ferrous or copper shingles or sheets, metal sheets and shingles, clay or concrete roof tile, or slate installed on noncombustible decks.

902.2 Fire-Retardant-Treated Shingles and Shakes

Fire-retardant-treated wood shakes and shingles shall be treated by impregnation with chemicals by the full-cell vacuum-pressure process, in accordance with AWPA C1. Each bundle shall be marked to identify the manufactured unit and the manufacturer, and shall also be labeled to identify the classification of the material in accordance with the testing required in Section 902.1, the treating company and the quality control agency.

Section 903 Weather Protection

903.1 General

Roof decks shall be covered with approved roof coverings secured to the building or structure in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Roof assemblies shall be designed and installed in accordance with this code and the approved manufacturer’s installation instructions such that the roof assembly shall serve to protect the building or structure.

903.2 Flashing

Flashings shall be installed in a manner that prevents moisture from entering the wall and roof through joints in copings, through moisture permeable materials and at intersections with parapet walls and other penetrations through the roof plane.

903.2.1 Locations

Flashings shall be installed at wall and roof intersections, wherever there is a change in roof slope or direction and around roof openings. Where flashing is of metal, the metal shall be corrosion resistant with a thickness of not less than 0.019 inch (0.5 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet).

903.2.2 Crickets and Saddles

A cricket or saddle shall be installed on the ridge side of any chimney or penetration more than 30 inches (762 mm) wide as measured perpendicular to the slope. Cricket or saddle coverings shall be sheet metal or of the same material as the roof covering.

903.3 Coping

Parapet walls shall be properly coped with noncombustible, weatherproof materials of a width no less than the thickness of the parapet wall.

903.4 Roof Drainage

Unless roofs are sloped to drain over roof edges, roof drains shall be installed at each low point of the roof. Where required for roof drainage, scuppers shall be placed level with the roof surface in a wall or parapet. The scupper shall be located as determined by the roof slope and contributing roof area.

903.4.1 Overflow Drains and Scuppers

Where roof drains are required, overflow drains having the same size as the roof drains shall be installed with the inlet flow line located 2 inches (51 mm) above the low point of the roof, or overflow scuppers having three times the size of the roof drains and having a minimum opening height of 4 inches (102 mm) shall be installed in the adjacent parapet walls with the inlet flow located 2 inches (51 mm) above the low point of the roof served. The installation and sizing of overflow drains, leaders and conductors shall comply with the plumbing code.

Overflow drains shall discharge to an approved location and shall not be connected to roof drain lines.

903.5 Hail Exposure

Hail exposure, as specified in Sections 903.5.1 and 903.5.2, shall be determined using Figure 903.5.

FIGURE 903.5
HAIL EXPOSURE MAP

903.5.1 Moderate Hail Exposure

One or more hail days with hail diameters larger than 1.5 inches (38 mm) in a 20-year period.

903.5.2 Severe Hail Exposure

One or more hail days with hail diameters larger than or equal to 2.0 inches (51 mm) in a 20-year period.

Section 904 Materials

904.1 Scope

The requirements set forth in this section shall apply to the application of roof covering materials specified herein. Roof assemblies shall be applied in accordance with this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Installation of roof assemblies shall comply with the applicable provisions of Section 905.

904.2 Compatibility of Materials

Roof assemblies shall be of materials that are compatible with each other and with the building or structure to which the materials are applied.

904.3 Material Specifications and Physical Characteristics

Roof covering materials shall conform to the applicable standards listed in this chapter. In the absence of applicable standards or where materials are of questionable suitability, testing by an approved testing agency shall be required by the building official to determine the character, quality and limitations of application of the materials.

904.4 Product Identification

Roof covering materials shall be delivered in packages bearing the manufacturer’s identifying marks and approved testing agency labels when required. Bulk shipments of materials shall be accompanied by the same information issued in the form of a certificate or on a bill of lading by the manufacturer.

Section 905 Requirements for Roof Coverings

905.1 Roof Covering Application

Roof coverings shall be applied in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Unless otherwise specified in this section, roof coverings shall be installed to resist the component and cladding loads specified in Table 301.2(2), adjusted for height and exposure in accordance with Table 301.2(3).

905.2 Asphalt Shingles

The installation of asphalt shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.2.1 Sheathing Requirements

Asphalt shingles shall be fastened to solidly sheathed decks.

905.2.2 Slope

Asphalt shingles shall be used only on roof slopes of two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (2:12) or greater. For roof slopes from two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (2:12) up to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (4:12), double underlayment application is required in accordance with Section 905.2.7.

905.2.3 Underlayment

Unless otherwise noted, required underlayment shall conform to ASTM D 226 Type I, ASTM D 4869 Type I, or ASTM D 6757.

Self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet shall comply with ASTM D 1970.

905.2.4 Asphalt Shingles

Asphalt shingles shall comply with ASTM D 225 or D 3462.

905.2.4.1 Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles

Asphalt shingles shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D 7158. Asphalt shingles shall meet the classification requirements of Table 905.2.4.1(1) for the appropriate maximum basic wind speed. Asphalt shingle packaging shall bear a label to indicate compliance with ASTM D 7158 and the required classification in Table 905.2.4.1(1).

Exception: Asphalt shingles not included in the scope of ASTM D 7158 shall be tested and labeled to indicate compliance with ASTM D 3161 and the required classification in Table 905.2.4.1(2).

TABLE 905.2.4.1(1)
CLASSIFICATION OF ASPHALT ROOF SHINGLES PER ASTM D 7158

MAXIMUM BASIC WIND SPEED FROM FIGURE
301.2(4) (mph)CLASSIFICATION REQUIREMENT

85D, G or H

90D, G or H

100G or H

110G or H

120G or H

130H

140H

150H

For SI: 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.

TABLE 905.2.4.1(2)
CLASSIFICATION OF ASPHALT SHINGLES PER ASTM D 3161

MAXIMUM BASIC WIND SPEED
FROM FIGURE 301.2(4) (mph)CLASSIFICATION REQUIREMENT

85A, D or F

90A, D or F

100A, D or F

110F

120F

130F

140F

150F

For SI: 1 mile per hour = 0.447 m/s.

905.2.5 Fasteners

Fasteners for asphalt shingles shall be galvanized steel, stainless steel, aluminum or copper roofing nails, minimum 12 gage [0.105 inch (3 mm)] shank with a minimum 3 / 8 -inch (10 mm) diameter head, ASTM F 1667, of a length to penetrate through the roofing materials and a minimum of 3 / 4 inch (19 mm) into the roof sheathing. Where the roof sheathing is less than 3 / 4 inch (19 mm) thick, the fasteners shall penetrate through the sheathing. Fasteners shall comply with ASTM F 1667.

905.2.6 Attachment

Asphalt shingles shall have the minimum number of fasteners required by the manufacturer, but not less than four fasteners per strip shingle or two fasteners per individual shingle. Where the roof slope exceeds 21 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (21:12, 175 percent slope), shingles shall be installed as required by the manufacturer.

905.2.7 Underlayment Application

For roof slopes from two units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17-percent slope), up to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope), underlayment shall be two layers applied in the following manner. Apply a 19-inch (483 mm) strip of underlayment felt parallel to and starting at the eaves, fastened sufficiently to hold in place. Starting at the eave, apply 36-inch-wide (914 mm) sheets of underlayment, overlapping successive sheets 19 inches (483 mm), and fastened sufficiently to hold in place. Distortions in the underlayment shall not interfere with the ability of the shingles to seal. For roof slopes of four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope) or greater, underlayment shall be one layer applied in the following manner. Underlayment shall be applied shingle fashion, parallel to and starting from the eave and lapped 2 inches (51 mm), fastened sufficiently to hold in place. Distortions in the underlayment shall not interfere with the ability of the shingles to seal. End laps shall be offset by 6 feet (1829 mm).

905.2.7.1 Ice Barrier

In areas where there has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water as designated in Table 301.2(1), an ice barrier that consists of a least two layers of underlayment cemented together or of a self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet, shall be used in lieu of normal underlayment and extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the exterior wall line of the building.

Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain no conditioned floor area.

905.2.7.2 Underlayment and High Wind

Underlayment applied in areas subject to high winds [above 110 mph (49 m/s) per Figure 301.2(4)] shall be applied with corrosion-resistant fasteners in accordance with manufacturer’s installation instructions. Fasteners are to be applied along the overlap not farther apart than 36 inches (914 mm) on center.

905.2.8 Flashing

Flashing for asphalt shingles shall comply with this section.

905.2.8.1 Base and Cap Flashing

Base and cap flashing shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer’s installation instructions. Base flashing shall be of either corrosion-resistant metal of minimum nominal 0.019-inch (0.5 mm) thickness or mineral surface roll roofing weighing a minimum of 77 pounds per 100 square feet (4 kg/m 2 ). Cap flashing shall be corrosion-resistant metal of minimum nominal 0.019-inch (0.5 mm) thickness.

905.2.8.2 Valleys

Valley linings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions before applying shingles. Valley linings of the following types shall be permitted:

1. For open valleys (valley lining exposed) lined with metal, the valley lining shall be at least 24 inches (610 mm) wide and of any of the corrosion-resistant metals in Table 905.2.8.2.

2. For open valleys, valley lining of two plies of mineral surfaced roll roofing, complying with ASTM D 3909 or ASTM D 6380 Class M, shall be permitted. The bottom layer shall be 18 inches (457 mm) and the top layer a minimum of 36 inches (914 mm) wide.

3. For closed valleys (valley covered with shingles), valley lining of one ply of smooth roll roofing complying with ASTM D 6380 and at least 36 inches wide (914 mm) or valley lining as described in Item 1 or 2 above shall be permitted. Self-adhering polymer modified bitumen underlayment complying with ASTM D 1970 shall be permitted in lieu of the lining material.

TABLE 905.2.8.2
VALLEY LINING MATERIAL

MATERIALMINIMUM THICKNESS (inches)GAGEWEIGHT (pounds)

Cold-rolled copper0.0216 nominal—ASTM B 370, 16 oz. per square foot

Lead-coated copper0.0216 nominal—ASTM B 101, 16 oz. per square foot

High-yield copper0.0162 nominal—ASTM B 370, 12 oz. per square foot

Lead-coated high-yield copper0.0162 nominal—ASTM B 101, 12 oz. per square foot

Aluminum0.024——

Stainless steel—28—

Galvanized steel0.017926 (zinc coated G90)—

Zinc alloy0.027——

Lead——21/2

Painted terne——20

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.

905.2.8.3 Sidewall Flashing

Flashing against a vertical sidewall shall be by the step-flashing method. The flashing shall be a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) high and 4 inches (102 mm) wide. At the end of the vertical sidewall the step flashing shall be turned out in a manner that directs water away from the wall and onto the roof and/or gutter.

905.2.8.4 Other Flashing

Flashing against a vertical front wall, as well as soil stack, vent pipe and chimney flashing, shall be applied according to the asphalt shingle manufacturer’s printed instructions.

905.3 Clay and Concrete Tile

The installation of clay and concrete tile shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.3.1 Deck Requirements

Concrete and clay tile shall be installed only over solid sheathing or spaced structural sheathing boards.

905.3.2 Deck Slope

Clay and concrete roof tile shall be installed on roof slopes of two and one-half units vertical in 12 units horizontal ( 2 1 / 2 :12) or greater. For roof slopes from two and one-half units vertical in 12 units horizontal (2 1 / 2 :12) to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (4:12), double underlayment application is required in accordance with Section 905.3.3.

905.3.3 Underlayment

Unless otherwise noted, required underlayment shall conform to ASTM D 226 Type II; ASTM D 2626 Type I; or ASTM D 6380 Class M mineral surfaced roll roofing.

905.3.3.1 Low Slope Roofs

For roof slopes from two and one-half units vertical in 12 units horizontal (21/2:12), up to four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (4:12), underlayment shall be a minimum of two layers underlayment applied as follows:

1. Starting at the eave, a 19-inch (483 mm) strip of underlayment shall be applied parallel with the eave and fastened sufficiently in place.

2. Starting at the eave, 36-inch-wide (914 mm) strips of underlayment felt shall be applied, overlapping successive sheets 19 inches (483 mm), and fastened sufficiently in place.

905.3.3.2 High Slope Roofs

For roof slopes of four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (4:12) or greater, underlayment shall be a minimum of one layer of underlayment felt applied shingle fashion, parallel to and starting from the eaves and lapped 2 inches (51 mm), fastened sufficiently in place.

905.3.3.3 Underlayment and High Wind

Underlayment applied in areas subject to high wind [over 110 miles per hour (49 m/s) per Figure 301.2(4)] shall be applied with corrosion-resistant fasteners in accordance with manufacturer’s installation instructions. Fasteners are to be applied along the overlap not farther apart than 36 inches (914 mm) on center.

905.3.4 Clay Tile

Clay roof tile shall comply with ASTM C 1167.

905.3.5 Concrete Tile

Concrete roof tile shall comply with ASTM C 1492.

905.3.6 Fasteners

Nails shall be corrosion resistant and not less than 11 gage, 5 / 16 -inch (11 mm) head, and of sufficient length to penetrate the deck a minimum of 3 / 4 inch (19 mm) or through the thickness of the deck, whichever is less. Attaching wire for clay or concrete tile shall not be smaller than 0.083 inch (2 mm). Perimeter fastening areas include three tile courses but not less than 36 inches (914 mm) from either side of hips or ridges and edges of eaves and gable rakes.

905.3.7 Application

Tile shall be applied in accordance with this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions, based on the following:

1. Climatic conditions.

2. Roof slope.

3. Underlayment system.

4. Type of tile being installed.

Clay and concrete roof tiles shall be fastened in accordance with this section and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Perimeter tiles shall be fastened with a minimum of one fastener per tile. Tiles with installed weight less than 9 pounds per square foot (0.4 kg/m2) require a minimum of one fastener per tile regardless of roof slope. Clay and concrete roof tile attachment shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions where applied in areas where the wind speed exceeds 100 miles per hour (45 m/s) and on buildings where the roof is located more than 40 feet (12 192 mm) above grade. In areas subject to snow, a minimum of two fasteners per tile is required. In all other areas, clay and concrete roof tiles shall be attached in accordance with Table 905.3.7.

TABLE 905.3.7
CLAY AND CONCRETE TILE ATTACHMENT

SHEATHINGROOF SLOPENUMBER OF
FASTENERS

Solid without battensAllOne per tile

Spaced or solid
with battens and
slope < 5:12Fasteners not required—

Spaced sheathing
without battens5:12 ≤ slope < 12:12One per tile/every
other row

12:12 ≤ slope < 24:12One per tile

905.3.8 Flashing

At the juncture of roof vertical surfaces, flashing and counterflashing shall be provided in accordance with this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions and, where of metal, shall not be less than 0.019 inch (0.5 mm) (No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) corrosion-resistant metal. The valley flashing shall extend at least 11 inches (279 mm) from the centerline each way and have a splash diverter rib not less than 1 inch (25 mm) high at the flow line formed as part of the flashing. Sections of flashing shall have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm). For roof slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope) and greater, valley flashing shall have a 36-inch-wide (914 mm) underlayment of one layer of Type I underlayment running the full length of the valley, in addition to other required underlayment. In areas where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less, metal valley flashing underlayment shall be solid-cemented to the roofing underlayment for slopes less than seven units vertical in 12 units horizontal (58-percent slope) or be of self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet.

905.4 Metal Roof Shingles

The installation of metal roof shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.4.1 Deck Requirements

Metal roof shingles shall be applied to a solid or closely fitted deck, except where the roof covering is specifically designed to be applied to spaced sheathing.

905.4.2 Deck Slope

Metal roof shingles shall not be installed on roof slopes below three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope).

905.4.3 Underlayment

Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type I or Type II, ASTM D 4869, Type I or Type II, or ASTM D 1970. Underlayment shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

905.4.3.1 Ice Barrier

In areas where there has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water as designated in Table 301.2(1), an ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or a self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet shall be used in place of normal underlayment and extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the exterior wall line of the building.

Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain no conditioned floor area.

905.4.4 Material Standards

Metal roof shingle roof coverings shall comply with Table 905.10.3(1). The materials used for metal roof shingle roof coverings shall be naturally corrosion resistant or be made corrosion resistant in accordance with the standards and minimum thicknesses listed in Table 905.10.3(2).

905.4.5 Application

Metal roof shingles shall be secured to the roof in accordance with this chapter and the approved manufacturer’s installation instructions.

905.4.6 Flashing

Roof valley flashing shall be of corrosion-resistant metal of the same material as the roof covering or shall comply with the standards in Table 905.10.3(1). The valley flashing shall extend at least 8 inches (203 mm) from the center line each way and shall have a splash diverter rib not less than 3 / 4 inch (19 mm) high at the flow line formed as part of the flashing. Sections of flashing shall have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm). The metal valley flashing shall have a 36-inch-wide (914 mm) underlayment directly under it consisting of one layer of underlayment running the full length of the valley, in addition to underlayment required for metal roof shingles. In areas where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less, the metal valley flashing underlayment shall be solid cemented to the roofing underlayment for roof slopes under seven units vertical in 12 units horizontal (58-percent slope) or self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet.

905.5 Mineral-Surfaced Roll Roofing

The installation of mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall comply with this section.

905.5.1 Deck Requirements

Mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall be fastened to solidly sheathed roofs.

905.5.2 Deck Slope

Mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall not be applied on roof slopes below one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8-percent slope).

905.5.3 Underlayment

Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869, Type I or II.

905.5.3.1 Ice Barrier

In areas where there has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water as designated in Table 301.2(1), an ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or a self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet shall be used in place of normal underlayment and extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the exterior wall line of the building.

Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain no conditioned floor area.

905.5.4 Material Standards

Mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall conform to ASTM D 3909 or ASTM D 6380, Class M.

905.5.5 Application

Mineral-surfaced roll roofing shall be installed in accordance with this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

905.6 Slate and Slate-Type Shingles

The installation of slate and slate-type shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.6.1 Deck Requirements

Slate shingles shall be fastened to solidly sheathed roofs.

905.6.2 Deck Slope

Slate shingles shall be used only on slopes of four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33-percent slope) or greater.

905.6.3 Underlayment

Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type I, or ASTM D 4869, Type I or II. Underlayment shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

905.6.3.1 Ice Barrier

In areas where there has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water as designated in Table 301.2(1), an ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or a self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet shall be used in lieu of normal underlayment and extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the exterior wall line of the building.

Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain no conditioned floor area.

905.6.4 Material Standards

Slate shingles shall comply with ASTM C 406.

905.6.5 Application

Minimum headlap for slate shingles shall be in accordance with Table 905.6.5. Slate shingles shall be secured to the roof with two fasteners per slate. Slate shingles shall be installed in accordance with this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

TABLE 905.6.5
SLATE SHINGLE HEADLAP

SLOPEHEADLAP (inches)

4:12 ≤ slope < 8:124

8:12 ≤ slope < 20:123

Slope ≤ 20:122

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

905.6.6 Flashing

Flashing and counterflashing shall be made with sheet metal. Valley flashing shall be a minimum of 15 inches (381 mm) wide. Valley and flashing metal shall be a minimum uncoated thickness of 0.0179-inch (0.5 mm) zinc coated G90. Chimneys, stucco or brick walls shall have a minimum of two plies of felt for a cap flashing consisting of a 4-inch-wide (102 mm) strip of felt set in plastic cement and extending 1 inch (25 mm) above the first felt and a top coating of plastic cement. The felt shall extend over the base flashing 2 inches (51 mm).

905.7 Wood Shingles

The installation of wood shingles shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.7.1 Deck Requirements

Wood shingles shall be installed on solid or spaced sheathing. Where spaced sheathing is used, sheathing boards shall not be less than 1-inch by 4-inch (25.4 mm by 102 mm) nominal dimensions and shall be spaced on centers equal to the weather exposure to coincide with the placement of fasteners.

905.7.1.1 Solid Sheathing Required

In areas where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less, solid sheathing is required on that portion of the roof requiring the application of an ice barrier.

905.7.2 Deck Slope

Wood shingles shall be installed on slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope) or greater.

905.7.3 Underlayment

Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869, Type I or II.

905.7.3.1 Ice Barrier

In areas where there has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water as designated in Table 301.2(1), an ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or a self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet shall be used in lieu of normal underlayment and extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the exterior wall line of the building.

Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain no conditioned floor area.

905.7.4 Material Standards

Wood shingles shall be of naturally durable wood and comply with the requirements of Table 905.7.4.

TABLE 905.7.4
WOOD SHINGLE MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

MATERIALMINIMUM GRADESAPPLICABLE
GRADING RULES

Wood shingles of
naturally durable wood1, 2 or 3Cedar Shake and
Shingle Bureau

905.7.5 Application

Wood shingles shall be installed according to this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Wood shingles shall be laid with a side lap not less than 11/2 inches (38 mm) between joints in courses, and no two joints in any three adjacent courses shall be in direct alignment. Spacing between shingles shall not be less than 1/4 inch to 3/8 inch (6 mm to 10 mm). Weather exposure for wood shingles shall not exceed those set in Table 905.7.5. Fasteners for wood shingles shall be corrosion resistant with a minimum penetration of 1/2 inch (13 mm) into the sheathing. For sheathing less than 1/2 inch (13 mm) in thickness, the fasteners shall extend through the sheathing. Wood shingles shall be attached to the roof with two fasteners per shingle, positioned no more than 3/4 inch (19 mm) from each edge and no more than 1 inch (25 mm) above the exposure line.

TABLE 905.7.5
WOOD SHINGLE WEATHER EXPOSURE AND ROOF SLOPE

ROOFING
MATERIALLENGTH
(inches)GRADEEXPOSURE (inches)

3:12 pitch to
< 4:124:12 pitch or
steeper

Shingles of
naturally durable
wood16No. 133/45

No. 231/24

No. 3331/2

18No. 141/451/2

No. 2441/2

No. 331/24

24No. 153/471/2

No. 251/261/2

No. 3551/2

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

905.7.6 Valley Flashing

Roof flashing shall be not less than No. 26 gage [0.019 inches (0.5 mm)] corrosion-resistant sheet metal and shall extend 10 inches (254 mm) from the centerline each way for roofs having slopes less than 12 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (100-percent slope), and 7 inches (178 mm) from the centerline each way for slopes of 12 units vertical in 12 units horizontal and greater. Sections of flashing shall have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm).

905.7.7 Label Required

Each bundle of shingles shall be identified by a label of an approved grading or inspection bureau or agency.

905.8 Wood Shakes

The installation of wood shakes shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.8.1 Deck Requirements

Wood shakes shall be used only on solid or spaced sheathing. Where spaced sheathing is used, sheathing boards shall not be less than 1-inch by 4-inch (25 mm by 102 mm) nominal dimensions and shall be spaced on centers equal to the weather exposure to coincide with the placement of fasteners. Where 1-inch by 4-inch (25 mm by 102 mm) spaced sheathing is installed at 10 inches (254 mm) on center, additional 1-inch by 4-inch (25 mm by 102 mm) boards shall be installed between the sheathing boards.

905.8.1.1 Solid Sheathing Required

In areas where the average daily temperature in January is 25°F (-4°C) or less, solid sheathing is required on that portion of the roof requiring an ice barrier.

905.8.2 Deck Slope

Wood shakes shall only be used on slopes of three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope) or greater.

905.8.3 Underlayment

Underlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type I or ASTM D 4869, Type I or II.

905.8.3.1 Ice Barrier

In areas where there has been a history of ice forming along the eaves causing a backup of water as designated in Table 301.2(1), an ice barrier that consists of at least two layers of underlayment cemented together or a self-adhering polymer modified bitumen sheet shall be used in place of normal underlayment and extend from the lowest edges of all roof surfaces to a point at least 24 inches (610 mm) inside the exterior wall line of the building.

Exception: Detached accessory structures that contain no conditioned floor area.

905.8.4 Interlayment

Interlayment shall comply with ASTM D 226, Type I.

905.8.5 Material Standards

Wood shakes shall comply with the requirements of Table 905.8.5.

TABLE 905.8.5
WOOD SHAKE MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

MATERIALMINIMUM GRADESAPPLICABLE GRADING RULES

Wood shakes of naturally durable wood1Cedar Shake and Shingle Bureau

Taper sawn shakes of naturally durable wood1 or 2Cedar Shake and Shingle Bureau

Preservative-treated shakes and shingles of naturally durable wood1Cedar Shake and Shingle Bureau

Fire-retardant-treated shakes and shingles of naturally durable wood1Cedar Shake and Shingle Bureau

Preservative-treated taper sawn shakes of Southern pine treated in
accordance with AWPA Standard U1 (Commodity Specification A,
Use Category 3B and Section 5.6)1 or 2Forest Products Laboratory of the
Texas Forest Services

905.8.6 Application

Wood shakes shall be installed according to this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. Wood shakes shall be laid with a side lap not less than 11/2 inches (38 mm) between joints in adjacent courses. Spacing between shakes in the same course shall be 3/8 inch to 5/8 inch (9.5 mm to 15.9 mm) for shakes and tapersawn shakes of naturally durable wood and shall be 3/8 inch to 5/8 inch (9.5 mm to 15.9 mm) for preservative-treated taper sawn shakes. Weather exposure for wood shakes shall not exceed those set forth in Table 905.8.6. Fasteners for wood shakes shall be corrosion-resistant, with a minimum penetration of 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) into the sheathing. For sheathing less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) thick, the fasteners shall extend through the sheathing. Wood shakes shall be attached to the roof with two fasteners per shake, positioned no more than 1 inch (25 mm) from each edge and no more than 2 inches (51 mm) above the exposure line.

TABLE 905.8.6
WOOD SHAKE WEATHER EXPOSURE AND ROOF SLOPE

ROOFING MATERIALLENGTH (inches)GRADEEXPOSURE (inches)

4:12 pitch or steeper

Shakes of naturally durable wood18No. 171/2

24No. 110a

Preservative-treated taper sawn shakes of Southern Yellow Pine18No. 171/2

24No. 110

18No. 251/2

24No. 271/2

Taper-sawn shakes of naturally durable wood18No. 171/2

24No. 110

18No. 251/2

24No. 271/2

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

a. For 24-inch by 3/8-inch handsplit shakes, the maximum exposure is 71/2 inches.

905.8.7 Shake Placement

The starter course at the eaves shall be doubled and the bottom layer shall be either 15-inch (381 mm), 18-inch (457 mm) or 24-inch (610 mm) wood shakes or wood shingles. Fifteen-inch (381 mm) or 18-inch (457 mm) wood shakes may be used for the final course at the ridge. Shakes shall be interlaid with 18-inch-wide (457 mm) strips of not less than No. 30 felt shingled between each course in such a manner that no felt is exposed to the weather by positioning the lower edge of each felt strip above the butt end of the shake it covers a distance equal to twice the weather exposure.

905.8.8 Valley Flashing

Roof valley flashing shall not be less than No. 26 gage [0.019 inch (0.5 mm)] corrosion-resistant sheet metal and shall extend at least 11 inches (279 mm) from the centerline each way. Sections of flashing shall have an end lap of not less than 4 inches (102 mm).

905.8.9 Label Required

Each bundle of shakes shall be identified by a label of an approved grading or inspection bureau or agency.

905.9 Built-Up Roofs

The installation of built-up roofs shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.9.1 Slope

Built-up roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage, except for coal-tar built-up roofs, which shall have a design slope of a minimum oneeighth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1-percent slope).

905.9.2 Material Standards

Built-up roof covering materials shall comply with the standards in Table 905.9.2.

TABLE 905.9.2
BUILT-UP ROOFING MATERIAL STANDARDS

MATERIAL STANDARDSTANDARD

Acrylic coatings used in roofingASTM D 6083

Aggregate surfacingASTM D 1863

Asphalt adhesive used in roofingASTM D 3747

Asphalt cements used in roofingASTM D 3019; D 2822; D 4586

Asphalt-coated glass fiber base sheetASTM D 4601

Asphalt coatings used in roofingASTM D 1227; D 2823; D 2824; D 4479

Asphalt glass feltASTM D 2178

Asphalt primer used in roofingASTM D 41

Asphalt-saturated and asphalt-coated organic felt base sheetASTM D 2626

Asphalt-saturated organic felt (perforated)ASTM D 226

Asphalt used in roofingASTM D 312

Coal-tar cements used in roofingASTM D 4022; D 5643

Coal-tar primer used in roofing, dampproofing and waterproofingASTM D 43

Coal-tar saturated organic feltASTM D 227

Coal-tar used in roofingASTM D 450, Types I or II

Glass mat, coal tarASTM D 4990

Glass mat, venting typeASTM D 4897

Mineral-surfaced inorganic cap sheetASTM D 3909

Thermoplastic fabrics used in roofingASTM D 5665; D 5726

905.9.3 Application

Built-up roofs shall be installed according to this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

905.10 Metal Roof Panels

The installation of metal roof panels shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.10.1 Deck Requirements

Metal roof panel roof coverings shall be applied to solid or spaced sheathing, except where the roof covering is specifically designed to be applied to spaced supports.

905.10.2 Slope

Minimum slopes for metal roof panels shall comply with the following:

1. The minimum slope for lapped, nonsoldered-seam metal roofs without applied lap sealant shall be three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope).

2. The minimum slope for lapped, nonsoldered-seam metal roofs with applied lap sealant shall be one-half vertical unit in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope). Lap sealants shall be applied in accordance with the approved manufacturer’s installation instructions.

3. The minimum slope for standing-seam roof systems shall be one-quarter unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope).

905.10.3 Material Standards

Metal-sheet roof covering systems that incorporate supporting structural members shall be designed in accordance with the “Ohio Building Code.” Metal-sheet roof coverings installed over structural decking shall comply with Table 905.10.3(1). The materials used for metal-sheet roof coverings shall be naturally corrosion resistant or provided with corrosion resistance in accordance with the standards and minimum thicknesses shown in Table 905.10.3(2).

TABLE 905.10.3(1)
METAL ROOF COVERINGS STANDARDS

ROOF COVERING TYPESTANDARD APPLICATION RATE/THICKNESS

Galvanized steelASTM A 653 G90 Zinc coated

Stainless steelASTM A 240, 300 Series alloys

SteelASTM A 924

Lead-coated copperASTM B 101

Cold rolled copperASTM B 370 minimum 16 oz/square ft and 12 oz/square ft high yield copper for metal-sheet roof-covering systems; 12 oz/square ft for preformed metal shingle systems.

Hard lead2 lb/sq ft

Soft lead3 lb/sq ft

AluminumASTM B 209, 0.024 minimum thickness for rollformed panels and 0.019 inch minimum
thickness for pressformed shingles.

Terne (tin) and terne-coated stainlessTerne coating of 40 lb per double base box, field painted where applicable in accordance with
manufacturer’s installation instructions.

Zinc0.027 inch minimum thickness: 99.995% electrolytic high grade zinc with alloy additives of copper (0.08 – 0.20%), titanium (0.07% – 0.12%) and aluminum (0.015%).

For SI: 1 ounce per square foot = 0.305 kg/m2, 1 pound per square foot = 4.214 kg/m2, 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound = 0.454 kg.

TABLE 905.10.3(2)
MINIMUM CORROSION RESISTANCE

55% aluminum-zinc alloy
coated steelASTM A 792 AZ 50

5% aluminum alloy-coated steelASTM A 875 GF60

Aluminum-coated steelASTM A 463 T2 65

Galvanized steelASTM A 653 G-90

Prepainted steelASTM A 755a

a. Paint systems in accordance with ASTM A 755 shall be applied over steel products with corrosion-resistant coatings complying with ASTM A 792, ASTM A 875, ASTM A 463, or ASTM A 653.

905.10.4 Attachment

Metal roof panels shall be secured to the supports in accordance with this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. In the absence of manufacturer’s installation instructions, the following fasteners shall be used:

1. Galvanized fasteners shall be used for steel roofs.

2. Copper, brass, bronze, copper alloy and Three hundred series stainless steel fasteners shall be used for copper roofs.

3. Stainless steel fasteners are acceptable for metal roofs.

905.10.5 Underlayment

Underlayment shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

905.11 Modified Bitumen Roofing

The installation of modified bitumen roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.11.1 Slope

Modified bitumen membrane roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage.

905.11.2 Material Standards

Modified bitumen roof coverings shall comply with the standards in Table 905.11.2.

TABLE 905.11.2
MODIFIED BITUMEN ROOFING MATERIAL STANDARDS

MATERIALSTANDARD

Acrylic coatingASTM D 6083

Asphalt adhesiveASTM D 3747

Asphalt cementASTM D 3019

Asphalt coatingASTM D 1227; D 2824

Asphalt primerASTM D 41

Modified bitumen roof membraneASTM D 6162; D 6163; D 6164;
D 6222; D 6223; D 6298;
CGSB 37—GP—56M

905.11.3 Application

Modified bitumen roofs shall be installed according to this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

905.12 Thermoset Single-Ply Roofing

The installation of thermoset single-ply roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.12.1 Slope

Thermoset single-ply membrane roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage.

905.12.2 Material Standards

Thermoset single-ply roof coverings shall comply with ASTM D 4637, ASTM D 5019 or CGSB 37-GP-52M.

905.12.3 Application

Thermoset single-ply roofs shall be installed according to this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

905.13 Thermoplastic Single-Ply Roofing

The installation of thermoplastic single-ply roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.13.1 Slope

Thermoplastic single-ply membrane roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope).

905.13.2 Material Standards

Thermoplastic single-ply roof coverings shall comply with ASTM D 4434, ASTM D 6754, ASTM D 6878, or CGSB CAN/CGSB 37.54.

905.13.3 Application

Thermoplastic single-ply roofs shall be installed according to this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

905.14 Sprayed Polyurethane Foam Roofing

The installation of sprayed polyurethane foam roofing shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.14.1 Slope

Sprayed polyurethane foam roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) for drainage.

905.14.2 Material Standards

Spray-applied polyurethane foam insulation shall comply with ASTM C 1029, Type III or IV.

905.14.3 Application

Foamed-in-place roof insulation shall be installed in accordance with this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions. A liquid-applied protective coating that complies with Section 905.15 shall be applied no less— than 2 hours nor more than 72 hours following the application of the foam.

905.14.4 Foam Plastics

Foam plastic materials and installation shall comply with Section 316.

905.15 Liquid-Applied Coatings

The installation of liquid-applied coatings shall comply with the provisions of this section.

905.15.1 Slope

Liquid-applied roofs shall have a design slope of a minimum of one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope).

905.15.2 Material Standards

Liquid-applied roof coatings shall comply with ASTM C 836, C 957, D 1227, D 3468, D 6083, D 6694 or D 6947.

905.15.3 Application

Liquid-applied roof coatings shall be installed according to this chapter and the manufacturer’s installation instructions.

Section 906 Roof Insulation

906.1 General

The use of above-deck thermal insulation shall be permitted provided such insulation is covered with an approved roof covering and passes FM 4450 or UL 1256.

906.2 Material Standards

Above-deck thermal insulation board shall comply with the standards in Table 906.2.

TABLE 906.2
MATERIAL STANDARDS FOR ROOF INSULATION

Cellular glass boardASTM C 552

Composite boardsASTM C 1289, Type III, IV, V or VI

Expanded polystyreneASTM C 578

Extruded polystyrene boardASTM C 578

Perlite boardASTM C 728

Polyisocyanurate boardASTM C 1289, Type I or Type II

Wood fiberboardASTM C 208

Section 907 Reroofing

907.1 General

Materials and methods of application used for re-covering or replacing an existing roof covering shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 9.

Exception: Reroofing shall not be required to meet the minimum design slope requirement of one-quarter unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) in Section 905 for roofs that provide positive roof drainage.

907.2 Structural and Construction Loads

The structural roof components shall be capable of supporting the roof covering system and the material and equipment loads that will be encountered during installation of the roof covering system.

907.3 Recovering Versus Replacement

New roof coverings shall not be installed without first removing all existing layers of roof coverings where any of the following conditions exist:

1. Where the existing roof or roof covering is water-soaked or has deteriorated to the point that the existing roof or roof covering is not adequate as a base for additional roofing.

2. Where the existing roof covering is wood shake, slate, clay, cement or asbestos-cement tile.

3. Where the existing roof has two or more applications of any type of roof covering.

4. For asphalt shingles, when the building is located in an area subject to moderate or severe hail exposure according to Figure 903.5.

Exceptions:

1. Complete and separate roofing systems, such as standing-seam metal roof systems, that are designed to transmit the roof loads directly to the building’s structural system and that do not rely on existing roofs and roof coverings for support, shall not require the removal of existing roof coverings.

2. Installation of metal panel, metal shingle and concrete and clay tile roof coverings over existing wood shake roofs shall be permitted when the application is in accordance with Section 907.4.

3. The application of new protective coating over existing spray polyurethane foam roofing systems shall be permitted without tear-off of existing roof coverings.

907.4 Roof Recovering

Where the application of a new roof covering over wood shingle or shake roofs creates a combustible concealed space, the entire existing surface shall be covered with gypsum board, mineral fiber, glass fiber or other approved materials securely fastened in place.

907.5 Reinstallation of Materials

Existing slate, clay or cement tile shall be permitted for reinstallation, except that damaged, cracked or broken slate or tile shall not be reinstalled. Existing vent flashing, metal edgings, drain outlets, collars and metal counterflashings shall not be reinstalled where rusted, damaged or deteriorated. Aggregate surfacing materials shall not be reinstalled.

907.6 Flashings

Flashings shall be reconstructed in accordance with approved manufacturer’s installation instructions. Metal flashing to which bituminous materials are to be adhered shall be primed prior to installation.